Shiva is worshiped with ten thousand names 'Dasha-Sahasranamas', that are found in the 'Mahanyasa'.
According to Shaivites, the supreme being 'Parashivam', has five faces 'Panchabrahmas', who perform the holy five acts 'Panchakrityas', assigned to five manifestations 'Panchamurti', represented by five elements 'Panchabhoota', each associated with a direction, color and the meditating point.
- Sadyojata - creation - Brahma - earth (prithvi) - west - white - genitals
- Vamadeva - preservation - Vishnu - water (jal) - north - red - feet
- Aghora - destruction - Rudra - fire (agni) - south - blue - heart
- Tatpurusha - concealing grace - Maheshwara - air (vayu) - east - yellow - mouth
- Isana - revealing grace - Sadasiva - ether (akash) - upwards - crystal - head
The devotional hymn 'Rudrashtakam' appears in the Uttara Kand chapter of Ram Charit Manas, written by Bhakti poet Tulsidas in the 15th century. It is made up of 8 stanzas, each of 48 syllables; narrating the qualities and deeds of Shiva.
नमामी-शमीशान निर्वाण-रूपं, विभुं व्यापकं ब्रह्मवेद-स्वरूपम् ।
I Salute the
Lord Ishana, whose Form represents the state of the highest Nirvana,
Who Manifests taking a Form,
though in essence He is pervading everywhere; and His Form embodies the Highest
Knowledge of Brahman present in the core of the Vedas.
निजं निर्गुणं निर्विकल्पं निरीहं, चिदाकाश-माकाश-वासं भजेऽहम् ॥
Who remain absorbed in His Own Self which is Beyond
the three Gunas (Sattva, Rajas and Tamas), which is Beyond any Vikalpas (Change
and Manifoldness), and which is Free from any Movement (due to desire),
Who Abides in the Spiritual Sky, I Worship Him.
निराकार-मोंकार-मूलं तुरीयं, गिरा ज्ञान गोती-तमीशं गिरीशम् ।
Who is
Formless and the very Root from where the Sacred Omkara arises; Who Abides in
the state of Turiya (the fourth state in which Brahman is experienced in
meditation),
He is the Lord Who is Beyond
the Knowledge which Speech can express and Beyond the Perception which Sense
Organs can perceive; He is Girisha (Lord of the Mountains).
करालं महाकाल कालं कृपालं, गुणागार संसार-पारं नतोऽहम् ॥
Taking the Terrible form of Mahakala He can tear
apart Time himself; at the same time He is an embodiment of Compassion to His
devotees,
I Bow down to Him Who helps in Crossing this delusion
of worldly existence, which is like a Dwelling Place made of Gunas.
तुषाराद्रि संकाश गौरं गभीरं, मनोभूत कोटि-प्रभा श्री शरीरम् ।
Who is
Shining White Resembling a Mountain of Snow; and His Being is very Deep,
In the depth of Whose Mind
exist Millions of Rays of Splendour, which express themselves on His Auspicious
Body.
स्फुरन्मौलि कल्लो-लिनी चारु गङ्गा, लसद्भाल-बालेन्दु कण्ठे भुजङ्गा ॥
Over Whose Head, the Beautiful Ganga Throbs and
Surges forth towards the Worlds,
Over Whose Forehead the Newly Risen Moon Shines
spreading its Rays, and around Whose Neck adorns the beautiful Serpents.
चलत्कुण्डलं भ्रू सुनेत्रं विशालं, प्रसन्नाननं नीलकण्ठं दयालम् ।
Whose
Ear-Rings Sway near His beautiful face, which is adorned with a striking
Eyebrow and Large Beautiful Eyes,
Whose Face is beaming with Joy
and Grace, Whose Throat is Blue and Who is extremely Compassionate.
मृगाधीश-चर्माम्बरं मुण्डमालं, प्रियं शंकरं सर्वनाथं भजामि ॥
Whose Clothes are the Skin of the Lord of Animals and Whose neck is
adorned with a Garland of Skulls,
I Worship Him Who is Beloved of His Devotees, Who
is Shankara and Who is the Lord of All.
प्रचण्डं प्रकृष्टं प्रगल्भं परेशं, अखण्डं अजं भानुकोटि-प्रकाशम् ।
Who is Terrible, Eminent and
extremely Strong; Who is the Highest Lord,
Who is ever Unborn and Whole;
and with the Effulgence of Million Suns.
त्रयः शूल निर्मूलनं शूलपाणिं, भजेऽहं भवानी-पतिं भाव-गम्यम् ॥
Who has a Trident in Hand, the Three Spikes of which Uproots the bondages
of the Three Gunas,
I Worship the Consort of Devi Bhavani Who can be
Attained only by Devotion.
कलातीत कल्याण कल्पान्तकारी, सदा सज्जनानन्द-दाता पुरारी ।
Whose Auspicious Nature is
Beyond the Elements of the gross material world and Who Brings an End to a
Kalpa (a cycle of creation when all gross elements are dissolved),
Who Always Give Great Joy to
the Wise Men, and Who is the Destroyer of the Tripurasuras (Adharma).
चिदानन्द संदोह मोहा-पहारी, प्रसीद प्रसीद प्रभो मन्मथारी ॥
By Taking Away the Great
Delusion, He plunges the prepared Soul in the Fullness of Cidananda (the Bliss
of Brahman or Pure Consciousness),
O, the Destroyer of Manmatha;
Please be Gracious to me; Please be Gracious to me, O Lord.
न यावत् उमानाथ पादार-विन्दं, भजन्तीह लोके परे वा नराणाम् ।
As Long as the Lotus Feet of
the Lord of Uma,
Is not Worshipped in This
World or Later by the Human Beings.
न तावत् सुखं शान्ति सन्ताप-नाशं, प्रसीद प्रभो सर्वभूताधि-वासम् ॥
So Long Joy, Peace and End of Sorrows will not be experienced in life,
Therefore O Lord, Please be Gracious, You Who
Reside within All Beings.
न जानामि योगं जपं नैव पूजां, नतोऽहं सदा सर्वदा शम्भु तुभ्यम् ।
I do Not Know how to perform
Yoga, Japa or Puja,
I Always at All Times only Bow
down to You, O Shambhu.
जरा जन्म दुःखौघ तातप्य-मानं, प्रभो पाहि आपन्नमामीश शम्भो ॥
Please Protect me from the Sorrows of Birth and Old Age, as well as from
the Sins which lead to Sufferings,
Please Protect me O Lord from Afflictions; Protect me O My Lord Shambhu.
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